Browsing by Author "Frost, Peter"

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13

Open Access
Application of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to a study of deception
(Southern New Hampshire University, 2008-10) Frost, Peter; Adie, Michael; Culver, Kristin; Denomme, Roland; Rivardand, Stacy; Sibley, Angela
During an Implicit Association Test, participants associated deceptive and truthful details—which they provided previously in an eyewitness interview—with positive or negative attributes. Participants were faster associating deceptive details with negative attributes than positive attributes. Our results suggest participants harbored a negative, implicit attitude towards deceptive details.
Open Access
Application of the Implicit Association Test to a study on deception
(University of Illinois Press, 2010) Frost, Peter; Adie, Michael; Denomme, Roland; Lahaie, Annabel; Sibley, Angela; Smith, Emily
Three experiments were conducted to find out whether the standard Implicit Association Test (IAT) could be used to distinguish truthful and deceitful witnesses. We anticipated that IAT effects would be greater after lying. Participants were asked to answer questions with incorrect answers (i.e., the lie condition) or correct answers (i.e., the truthful condition). A third group of participants were not interviewed (a control group). Participants then took the IAT, in which they were asked to associate correct and incorrect answers with positive or negative attributes. Results demonstrate that standard IAT effects are greater after lying than after truth telling, but only when attribute labels were clearly and explicitly linked to positive and negative affect. Theoretical implications are considered.
Open Access
Cohesion and sport teams success
(Southern New Hampshire University, 2019-05) Fitzgerald, Jenna; Frost, Peter; Matthews, Lowell Chris
Cohesion can play multiple roles on a sports team allowing them to either flourish or fail during their season. The purpose of this research is to discuss how cohesion and conformity lead to a team’s success and/or failure. By understanding cohesion, a sports team can become successful in their present and future endeavors. There are two types of cohesion, task and social; when each are used together it can help a sports team achieve success. Cohesion can promote conformity among sport teams. There are negative aspects of conformity such as groupthink that can inhibit a sports team’s future success. Conformity can also have positive aspects such as teamthink. Teamthink is important because it can enhance a sports team effectiveness and performance. There are helping and hindering forces of cohesion that can propel a sports team forward or hold them back. Cohesion of a sports team is effective when all aspects of task cohesion, social cohesion, and teamthink are involved. Negative consequences occur when aspects of cohesion and conformity are out of balance. (Author abstract)
Open Access
Delivering and evaluating on-line degree programs in culinary arts/management: perceptions of educators and industry practitioners
(Southern New Hampshire University, 2017) Ryll, Stefan; Rogers, Audrey; Pandit, Ravi; Frost, Peter
This quantitative research examines the perceptions of culinary arts/management educators and culinary industry practitioners on the future of online culinary arts education. Specifically pertaining to the recommended procedures by educators and chefs to judge and critique the quality of food products in terms sensory modalities, and what the key quality indicators for online culinary arts programs may be. While much of the current literature concerning perceptions of online culinary arts education relates to students and faculty, little focus is on the design of effective online culinary arts curricula. Therefore, this study informs culinary arts educators who seek to understand how to teach practical culinary arts skills effectively and appropriately through online media. An electronic survey was sent via email to 1,250 members of the American Culinary Federation (ACF) and the International Council of Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional Educators (ICHRIE). Undeliverable emails resulted in 1,204 potential participants. Participation was 18.8% (n = 226). This study found significant differences between the two groups on the importance ratings of three of the professional courses and four of the general educational courses. Significant differences between the two groups were also found on the measures of importance on the factors of quality for an online culinary arts program. The results also demonstrated that there are no significant differences between culinary arts/management educators and industry practitioners on the recommended procedures to judge and critique the quality of the food products in terms of sensory modalities. The findings of this study suggest that online culinary arts programs develop a curriculum that meets the essential demands for future culinarians. The design of such a program should incorporate more hands-on rather than theoretical content. Furthermore, curriculum should be designed to take into account gaps in knowledge of culinary arts students. (Author abstract)
Open Access
The effects of emotional content and time lapse reporting on eyewitness testimony
(Southern New Hampshire University, 2014-04-02) Dominy, Nicole; Tremblay, Jacqueline; Frost, Peter
This experiment aimed to examine the influence of emotional versus non-emotional events on the recall and accuracy of eyewitness memory, and how the time between viewing the scene and reporting back about it affects the recall and accuracy. Four condition groups were established all viewing the same video but being told they were seeing either “actual footage” of a crime scene or a “reenactment”, and two taking the survey immediately after the video and the remaining two taking it four days later. The survey consisted of two open-ended questions asking for details about all aspects of the crime scene. Our experiment results established that the emotional level of the video affected recall but the time lapse did not have a statistically significant difference. We found that emotionality of a crime scene was positively correlated with recall accuracy. (Author abstract)
Open Access
Ethical issues in the diagnosis of mental illness in children
(Southern New Hampshire University, 2014-04-02) Ayers, Ryan; Frost, Peter; Hendery, Michael
In its current state, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fifth Edition (DSM-5) (2013) provides relatively little distinction in how to go about the diagnosis of mental disorders in children. The majority of disorders outlined in the DSM-5 concern the diagnosis of older and much more developed individuals (adults and late-teens). A child’s mind works differently than theirs in many ways due to the fact that a child’s mind is still developing and changing; some criteria for a specific diagnosis can actually be present in a completely healthy and developing child. There are however, a small collection mental disorders that are focused primarily on children which have their own set of criteria that is better defined in relation to standard childhood behavior. This is where the ethical issue comes in: If we currently have exceptions for a few specific disorders when diagnosing children, are we not ethically bound to do so across the board? Current practice sees therapists adjusting requirements and compensating for the child’s development with how they see fit; there is no uniform process or research outlined in modern diagnostic literature. This is one of the main causes for the over-diagnosis and misdiagnosis of many disorders in children. If it is understood that early detection and treatment can help a child later in life and that the gap in direction impedes this process which can possibly bring harm to these children, doesn’t it work contrary to the general goal of therapy? It does, and because of this, it is absolutely critical that solutions to this problem are researched and developed. Whether these solutions consist of amendments to the current state of the DSM-5 or an entirely separate manual for child diagnoses, we should be ethically bound to resolving this critical issue. (Author abstract)
Open Access
False memory-prone personality : a study on the big five personality traits associated with susceptibility to false memory
(Southern New Hampshire University, 2009-10) Frost, Peter; Adie, Michael; Denomme, Roland
Participants answered questions from the NEO Personality Inventory in order to measure various personality domains and facets. Once the test was completed, participants watched an excerpt from a movie—the simulated eyewitness event. Participants then answered a recall test, with some of the questions requiring a confabulated response about the events that occurred in the movie. A week later, participants answered a yes/no recognition test about the movie. Participants were warned about the misinformation elicited in the first test and asked to answer questions based on their memory of the movie. Particular personality traits were reliably linked with false-event recognition.
Open Access
How Does Music Preference Relate to Personality and Memory?
(Southern New Hampshire University, 2023-03-28) Chan, Kah May; Pang, Xin Xian Annabelle; Frost, Peter
How do the Big 5 Personality traits relate to preference for different music genres? Our research investigates how the different music genres would affect the students’ memory and reveal their personality traits. There are some associations among Big Five Personality Traits, different genre of music and a person’s memory. According to the resources, the research indicated that two personality traits such as neuroticism and openness correlated significantly with the music preferences. A 34 question online survey made on Qualtrics was administered. The survey consisted of 12 pages. The questions are consist of multiple choices, text entry and slider. The participants followed the online link for the survey to complete some demographic questions. Then, an experiment to memorize different sets of words under three music conditions was conducted, which are no music condition, soft music condition and loud music condition, then participants are required to fill in the words that they have memorized. The whole survey took approximately five to ten minutes to complete.
Open Access
Increasing false recognition rates with confirmatory feedback : a phenomenological analysis
(The American Journal of Psychology, 2003) Frost, Peter; Lacroix, Donna; Sanborn, Nicole
During a simulated witness interrogation, participants were encouraged to confabulate an account consistent with false information concerning a videotaped event. The interviewer verbally affirmed some false responses. Previous research has shown that, a week later, participants often recognize confabulated events that were affirmed by the experimenter as being from the video. What is unclear is whether confirmatory feedback encouraged a change in the mental representation of the confabulated events to fit the original event or confirmation might have merely encouraged a change in beliefs about the event. To further understand the mechanisms that underlie the confirmatory feedback effect, participants were asked to judge the phenomenological experience associated with false recognition.
Open Access
The introvert, extrovert, and ambivert: mood implications within text messages
(Southern New Hampshire University, 2014-04-02) Casey, Bridgette; Tran, Anh; Frost, Peter
This study sought to analyze the correlation of personal traits including introversion, extroversion, and ambiversion and mood on mobile phone usage, concentrating on text messaging. Furthermore, the study examined the relationship between this trait and an inclination towards either talking or texting. After completing personality test, thirty eight participants took the survey about their gender, age, frequent use of text messages, and preference on either talk or texting. Then they were asked to provide their most 10 recent text messages, and indicate when and where they sent the messages. We used Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count categories (Berry, Pennebaker, Mueller, & Hiller, 1997) to rate the positive and negative contents of text messages. Overall, the results did not demonstrate a relationship of personality traits and user's mood. There was a weak correlation of introversion and extroversion towards a preference for talking rather than texting. In contrast to Butt and Phillips's study (2008) extroverted and introverted users preferred talking on the phone while ambiverted users chose texting. Overall, the results contributed to the understanding of personality traits on text messages usage. (Author abstract)
Open Access
The multitasking generation : can our students divide their attention and still study for the exam?
(Southern New Hampshire University, 2010-04-14) Frost, Peter
Open Access
Personality characteristics associated with susceptibility to false memories
(The American Journal of Psychology, 2006) Frost, Peter; Sparrow, Sarah; Barry, Jennifer
This study examined whether certain personality characteristics are associated with susceptibility to false memories. Participants first answered questions from the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator in order to measure various personality characteristics. They then watched a video excerpt, the simulated eyewitness event. They were next encouraged to lie about the videotaped event during an interview. A week later, some participants recognized confabulated events as being from the video. Two personality characteristics in particular—the introversion-extroversion and thinking—feeling dimensions—were associated with susceptibility to false memories.
Open Access
Why misinformation is more likely to be recognised over time : a source monitoring account
(Memory, 2002) Frost, Peter; Ingraham, Melissa; Wilson, Beth
Although memory for actual events tends to be forgotten over time, memory for misinformation tends to be retrieved at a stable rate over long delays or at a rate greater than that found immediately after encoding. To examine whether source monitoring errors contribute to this phenomenon, two experiments investigated subjects’ memory for the source of misinformation at different retention intervals. Subjects viewed a slide presentation, read a narrative containing misinformation, and, either 10 minutes or 1 week later, completed a recognition test about details seen in the slides and about the source of these details. After the longer retention interval in both experiments, participants were more likely to agree that they had seen misleading information and were also more likely to incorrectly associate the misinformation with the slide event. Theoretical implications of these findings are considered.